![]() Other important market participants include Russia (17%), South Africa (7%), Colombia (6%) and the United States (3.1%).Ĭhina was the largest importer of thermal coal in 2019 accounting for 21%, followed by India (17%) and Japan (13%). Indonesia provided 41% of globally traded thermal coal in 2019, and has potential to increase its market share. The majority of seaborne thermal coal trade occurs in the Asia Pacific region, where both the largest importers and exporters are concentrated. Internationally traded thermal coal as a share of global consumption was stable at 17%. Approximately 1 021 Mt (94%) of this trade was seaborne. This was up 12 Mt from 2018 though is a much slower growth rate than the previous two years. In 2019, 1 093 Mt of thermal coal were traded internationally setting a new volume record. International coal trade is hit by the pandemic and trade patterns continue to shift to Asia Australian coal exports are expected to increase by 20 Mt and Indonesian exports by 6 Mt. It is expected that Australia and Indonesia in particular will benefit from this recovery in import demand. The recovery is supported by more imports in India (+12 Mt) and Southeast Asia (+10 Mt). This means that export volumes will remain well below the pre-Covid volumes. Compared to 2020, exports are expected to increase by 31 Mt (2.4%) to 1 323 Mt in 2021, an increase in seaborne coal trade accounting for 26 Mt. In 2021, as coal demand recovers, traded volumes will rebound as well. Among significant importers only Viet Nam (+18%, +8 Mt) and maybe Turkey will increase their coal imports. The biggest absolute decrease in imports is in India (-41 Mt). The largest exporters bear the brunt of the largest absolute decline in exported volumes: Indonesian exports are expected to drop by 51 Mt (-11%) and those from Australia by 30 Mt (-8%). Trade volumes of thermal coal are expected to decline by 10% and those for met coal by 12%. It is estimated that for 2020 trade volumes will recede around 10%, or around 150 Mt, the largest drop ever, most of which are seaborne coal trade. China was the largest importer of coal in 2019 at 308 Mt, followed by India at 249 Mt. Australia ranked second, at 395 Mt, although it remains at the top of the league table ranked by energy and economic values. Indonesia remained the world’s largest exporter of coal (by weight) with total exports of 455 Mt in 2019. For instance, in 2019, the volume of coal imports in India were almost double EU import quantities, a clear indicator of a shift to Asia and the waning of Europe in international coal markets. This no longer portrays international coal trade patterns, as the Atlantic market has separated from Asian market. South Africa, and to a much lesser extent Russia, linked the two basins in coal trade. Traditionally trade could be characterised by two geographic basins: the Pacific Basin, where Japan and Korea were the top importers and the Atlantic Basin, where the European countries imported most of the traded coal. Patterns of international (thermal) coal trade are shifting. The vast majority of coal traded in 2019, 92% (1 331 Mt), was seaborne trade. ![]() ![]() Thermal coal accounted for 76% of global coal trade and met coal for the rest. Trade in thermal coal (which includes lignite and some anthracite in this section) increased 1.1% while metallurgical (met) coal trade volumes were stable. Trade accounted for 19% of global coal consumption in 2019. Global coal trade reached its highest volume ever in 2019 at 1 445 Mt, a 0.8% increase from the previous year 1.
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